Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## Core Absorbent Layer

The core absorbent layer is the most critical component of a sanitary pad. It is typically made from a blend of wood pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Wood pulp provides excellent absorbency, while SAP enhances the pad’s ability to retain liquid, preventing leaks.

### Wood Pulp

Wood pulp is a natural material derived from trees. It is highly absorbent and biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly choice. The pulp is processed to remove impurities and then fluffed to increase its absorbency.

### Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)

SAP are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. They are usually in the form of small granules that swell upon contact with moisture, forming a gel-like substance. This property makes SAP highly effective in preventing leakage.

## Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is designed to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. The most common materials used for the top sheet are non-woven fabrics and perforated films.

### Non-Woven Fabrics

Non-woven fabrics are made from synthetic fibers such as polypropylene or polyester. They are lightweight, breathable, and soft, providing a comfortable feel against the skin. These fabrics are also designed to allow liquid to pass through quickly, keeping the surface dry.

### Perforated Films

Perforated films are thin plastic sheets with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while preventing it from flowing back. They are often used in combination with non-woven fabrics to enhance the pad’s performance.

## Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against external moisture. It is usually made from polyethylene or polypropylene films.

### Polyethylene Films

Polyethylene films are lightweight, flexible, and waterproof. They provide an effective barrier against leaks and are easy to handle during manufacturing. These films are also resistant to tearing, ensuring the pad’s durability.

### Polypropylene Films

Polypropylene films offer similar properties to polyethylene but are often chosen for their higher strength and resistance to chemicals. They provide an additional layer of protection against leaks and are commonly used in high-performance sanitary pads.

## Adhesives

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad to the underwear. They are typically pressure-sensitive adhesives that provide a strong bond without causing irritation to the skin.

### Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives

Pressure-sensitive adhesives are designed to stick firmly when pressure is applied. They are formulated to be gentle on the skin while ensuring the pad stays in place throughout use. These adhesives are also easy to remove, making the pad convenient to dispose of.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to ensure optimal performance, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the top and back sheets, each component plays a vital role in providing a reliable and comfortable product. Understanding these materials helps in appreciating the engineering and science behind everyday hygiene products.