Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pad manufacturing.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic fibers to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring long-lasting dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid absorption. Common materials used include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are designed to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use a thin, perforated plastic film as the top sheet. This material is highly effective at preventing leakage but may be less breathable than nonwoven fabrics.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. It is usually made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film that is waterproof and durable. It ensures that menstrual fluid does not seep through to clothing.
– **Breathable Microporous Films**: These films allow air to pass through while still providing a moisture barrier. They enhance comfort by reducing heat and moisture buildup.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad to the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling. They provide a strong bond and are commonly used in sanitary pad manufacturing.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives form a bond when pressure is applied. They are easy to apply and remove, making them ideal for sanitary pads.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to protect the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is treated with silicone to prevent the adhesive from sticking to it. It is easy to peel off when the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure the product’s effectiveness and user comfort:

– **Absorbency**: High absorbency is crucial for preventing leakage and maintaining dryness.
– **Softness**: The materials must be soft and gentle on the skin to avoid irritation.
– **Breathability**: Good air circulation helps reduce heat and moisture buildup, enhancing comfort.
– **Durability**: The materials must be strong enough to withstand the stresses of daily use without tearing or breaking.
– **Hypoallergenic**: The materials should be non-irritating and safe for sensitive skin.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide optimal performance, comfort, and safety. Understanding these materials and their properties can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve their products.