Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic fibers to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are designed to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use a thin, perforated plastic film that allows liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film that is waterproof and provides an effective barrier against leaks.
– **Breathable Films**: These are microporous films that allow air to pass through while blocking liquids, enhancing comfort by reducing moisture buildup.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad to the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives form a bond when pressure is applied, making them easy to use and remove.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to protect the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This paper is treated with silicone to prevent the adhesive from sticking to it, allowing for easy removal when the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure they perform effectively:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is paramount. This is primarily achieved through the absorbent core and SAPs.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft and gentle on the skin to prevent irritation and discomfort.
– **Breathability**: Materials should allow air to circulate, reducing the risk of skin irritation and odor.
– **Leakage Protection**: The back sheet and adhesive must work together to prevent leaks and keep the pad securely in place.
– **Biodegradability**: With increasing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for materials that are biodegradable or made from renewable resources.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide comfort, protection, and hygiene. Understanding their composition and properties helps in making informed choices and ensuring the effectiveness of these essential personal care products.